CSTE Certficiation question dumps on Software testing continued.
195. Give 2 examples of metrics for complexity measurement s?
171. Standard states
a)
what
must happen to meet the intent of the policy
b)
how
to meet the requirements
c)
both A and B
d)
None
of the above
172. Standards
convert intentions into specific rules (true
/ false)
173. Standards must be
a)
measurable
b)
attainable
c)
necessary
d)
nice
to have
e)
all
the above
174. Which of the following determines standards
a)
customer requirements
b)
internal requirements
c)
cost
and schedule requirements
d)
all
the above
175. Which of the following is true
a)
procedures
are not always required and unless critical, should be minimised
b)
skill
set and knowledge requirements are prerequisites for performing the procedure
c)
if
the procedures are followed ALWAYS standards will be automatically met
d)
All of the above
e)
none
of the above
176. Controls
should be designed based on the criticality of the process and what needs to be
checked
(True / false)
177. Quality control procedures are
a)
preventive
costs
b)
appraisal costs
c)
failure
costs
d)
none
of the above
178. Measurement
provides quantitative feedback to an organisation about whether it is achieving
its goals and moving towards its results (true / false)
179. The purpose of process improvement is
a)
to
change the process
b)
to reduce the frequency of defects including process
ineffectiveness
c)
both
a and b
d)
none
of the above
180. Process improvement uses facts(measurement
results) to identify the root causes of problems.
(true
/ false )
181. The long range objective for process improvement
is to
a)
eliminate
the need for quality assurance activities
b)
eliminate the need for quality control activities
c)
both
a and b
d)
none
of the above
182. If the control limits are within the specification limits, the process is capable of satisfying the customer. (True/False)
183. Does the process improvement
plan need approval? If yes, who approves it ?
Yes, Senior management
184. Measure is the basic building block for measurement program.
185. Metrics is a derived
unit of measurement
186. What are the two types of
measurement?
Objective
and Subjective Measurement
Objective
measurement
uses hard data that can be obtained by counting, weighing etc.
Subjective
measurement
is normally observed or perceived
187. What is Nominal data?
Nominal data cannot be subjected to
arithmetic operations of any type and the values cannot be ranked in any
natural order.
188. What is Ordinal data?
Ordinal data can be ranked, but differences
or ratios between values are not meaningful.
189. What is interval data?
Interval data can be ranked and can exhibit
meaningful differences between values
190. Give an example for interval
data?
T.J. McCabe’s complexity metric is an
example for interval data.
191. What is Ratio Data?
Ratio data has absolute zero and meaningful
ratios can be calculated.
192. For what are the measurement dashboards or
key indicators used for?
Measurement dashboards or key indicators
are used to monitor progress and to initiate change.
193. Before approving for use,
what are the tests that the measures and metrics have to undergo?
1)
Reliability
– Refers to the consistency of measurement
2)
Validity
– indicates the degree to which a measure actually measures
3)
Ease
of Use and Simplicity
4)
Timeliness
– Refers whether the information can be reported in sufficient time to impact
the decisions needed to manage effectively
5)
Calibration - indicates the modification of a measurement
so it becomes more valid
194. How to know a measurement is
good?
The measures and the resulting metrics
should be
1)
Simple
and precisely definable
2)
Objective
3)
Easily
Obtainable at reasonable cost
4)
Valid,
measuring what they are intended to measure
5)
Robust,
being relatively insensitive to intuitively small changes in the process or
product
195. Give 2 examples of metrics for complexity measurement s?
a)
Cyclomatic
complexity
b)
Knots
196. A knot is defined as a
necessary crossing of directional lines in the graph.
197. The quality characteristics
for software that have received considerable attention are correctness,
reliability and maintenance.
198. Common causes
are causes of variation that can be controlled by improving work
processes.
199. Special causes are causes of variation
that must be controlled outside the process.
200. Statistical tools are the only
methods available to objectively quantify variation.
201. How many
Components are in Risk and name all of those Components?
Three
components
-
The event that
could occur – the risk
-
The probability
that the event will occur – the likelihood
-
The impact or
consequence of the event if it occurs – the penalty
202. Risks can be
categorized as one of the following:
-
Technical
-
Programmatic or
performance
-
Supportability or
environment
-
Cost
-
Schedule
203. How many
Characteristics does Risk has and what are they?
Five
Characteristics
-
Situational
-
Time based
-
Interdependent
-
Magnitude dependent
-
Value based
204. PMBOK stands
for?
Project
Management Body of Knowledge
205. How many
processes are there to address risk management as per PMBOK?
Four
processes
-
Risk Identification
-
Risk Qualification
-
Risk Response
Development
-
Risk Response
Control
206. External risks can be
controlled or influenced by the project team ------------ TRUE/FALSE
207. Which of the following document will be required as a source of
input when considering a list of possible risks?
a) Product documentation b)
Project documentation c) Historical Information d) All of the above
208. In a traditional
waterfall methodology, most risk management activity occurs close to
milestone. True/false
209. In a spiral
development model the risk management activity falls in the explicit risk
management portion. True/false
210.
Risk management is an independent auditing process. True/False
211.
Risk should be the sole responsibility of project manager. True/False
212.
Within many software development organizations risk management remains ad
hoc and incomplete.
213.
Testing strategies is included in short term risk management. True/False
214.
Who should be involved in determining risk management
- Customer
- Management
- Development team
- All of the above
- None of the above
215. Mitigating the risk by
a. Minimizing the probability of occurrence
b. Minimizing the value of impact
c. Deflecting the risk elsewhere
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
216.
A measurement program is defined as the
----------------------------------------
Ans:
Entire set of activities that occur around quantitative data.
217.
Mature organization use quantitative data to determine
- Requirements
are complete
- To prevent
problems
- Budget
- Schedule and
project status
- All of the
above
218.
Immature organization use quantitative data to determine
- Requirements
are complete
- To prevent
problems
- Budget
- Schedule and
project status
- All of the
above
219.
What are four major uses of Measurement?’
Ans: 1.Manage and control the process
2. Manage and control the product
(review and testing)
3. Improve the process (quantitative
data gathered during process execution can
identify the weaknesses and
therefore opportunities for improvement)
4. Manage the risks
220.
Same software development process may be followed to produce two different
applications. - True/False
221.
What is risk?
Ans:
Risk is a chance for something to go wrong.
222.
How do we manage control and product?
Ans: Measure Quality by no.of defects, Mean time to failure (MTTF) Mean time to
repair
(MTTR)
Measure Performance by
technical performance, measures specified by customer
and
management.
223.
How do we improve the process?
Ans:
Identify the current performance, find how cost-efficient is the process. By
measuring Time and effort.
224.
How do we manage risks?
Ans:
Identify the risks, its frequency, probability of risks occurring and impact of
each risk if it occurs derive risk
management plan.
225.
What are the four phases in installing a measurement program?
Ans: 1.build the measurement base
2.Manage towards results
3. Manage by process
4. Management by fact
226.
What are the key points in first phase of implementing a measuring program?
Ans:1.
Define the objectives for the measurement program
2. Create an environment receptive to
measurement (establish SLA between IT and
users, establish quality measurement environment)
3. Define the measurement hierarchy
Three levels of quantitative data are
mapped to 3-level organization tier.
a. Metrics
– used by Line management such as
variance between actual and budgeted
cost, user satisfaction, defects rates per LOC.
b. Measures
– Staff management uses basic
measures such as product size, cycle time or defect count.
c. Strategic
results – Senior management uses
strategic results dashboard to manage the IT function and track to mission,
vision and goals.
227.
What do we mean by manage towards results?
Ans:
a. Identify goals for desired business results
b.
Means for measuring each business result
228.
What are the five steps in manage towards results phase?
Ans:
a. Identify desired business results. If each has subject,
action, target value and time frame, as it is much easier to identify measure
for each.
b. Identify current baseline
c.
Select a measure or metric for each result. Should be only 3 to 5 but not
greater than 7
d.
Consider tradeoff between the results. For example consider the desired result Complete on time might affect Easy-to-read documentation.
e.
Based on baseline and desired result, determine a goal for each result metric.
(Bench marking tool is best for this).
229.
Quality is an attribute of
a) Product
b) Process
c) Standard
d) Policy
230.
What does “IEC” expands to (E.g. As used with ISO/IEC 12207)?
a)
International
Electronics Committee
b)
International
Engineers Confederation
c) International Electrotechnical Commission
d)
Internal
Electronics Association
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